Test Construction & Evaluation Criteria: Validity, Reliability, Practicality, and Washback
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Core Foundations of Educational Assessment
Assessment is the systematic process of gathering evidence about student learning to make informed instructional decisions and certify competency.
The 4 Critical Qualities of a Standardized Test
1. Validity (Does it measure what it claims to measure?)
Includes Content Validity (syllabus coverage), Construct Validity (theoretical accuracy), and Criterion Validity.Reliability (Consistency of measurement)
A reliable test yields consistent scores across multiple administrations and different examiners (Inter-rater reliability).
Practicality (Feasibility of administration)
Balancing financial cost, time constraints, equipment needs, and ease of grading.
Washback Effect (Impact on classroom teaching)
Positive washback aligns testing with communicative skills; negative washback forces teachers into rote drill-and-kill test prep.
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