Formulating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Literature Reviews in Applied Linguistics
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The Research Journey: From Inquiry to Design
Educational and linguistic research begins with identifying a genuine classroom or linguistic problem and translating it into measurable, researchable questions.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Paradigms
| Dimension | Quantitative Research | Qualitative Research |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Testing hypotheses & numerical measurement | Exploring lived experiences & meaning |
| Data | Statistics, test scores, Likert scales | Interview transcripts, classroom observations |
| Instruments | Structured surveys, standardized tests | Semi-structured interviews, audio recordings |
| Analysis | Descriptive and inferential statistics | Thematic and discourse analysis |
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