Syllabus | EN 1104: Language Structure Usage & Linguistics
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October 02, 2018
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LANGUAGE STRUCTURE USAGE
Word classes and their grammatical functions (10/ 05 hrs)
- Open classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
- Closed classes: determiners, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, operator-verbs, interjections, enumerators.
- Types of activities: write examples for each word class
- Rationale for word classes in grammar: Words which belong to one class only can be used in a particular position in a sentence. Provide examples.
- List the differences between the two types: e.g. open class-thousands of words. Closed classes- limited number
- Some words appear under more than one word class, e.g. ‘play’ as noun and verb, ‘that’ as determiner and conjunction
- Types of activities: write sentences to show how the word ‘round’ appears as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition.
Note: Word classes should be taught briefly (Only the introduction to word classes)
Elements of grammar (10 / 05 hrs)
Units of language:
Clause – a kind of mini sentence, a set of words which makes a sense but may not be concluded by a full stop. A sentence may have only one clause or 2 or more clauses.
The phrase: A shorter unit of one or more words e.g. noun phrase
- Parts of a sentence
- Sentence element
Subject, verb, object, complement, adverbial
The most common parts of the sentences
Object may be direct or indirect, the complement refers to the same thing as the subject,
Adverbial adds further information (words, phrases such as, at home, yesterday)
- Activities: make sentences using the clause elements. Analyse their structure.
The simple sentence (10 / 05 hrs)
- A sentence consisting of only one clause
- Clause types: S V, S V O , S V C, S V O , S V O O , S V O A , (provide examples)
- Activities: Indicate to which of the clause types the given sentences belong to
The simple sentence: questions, commands, exclamations, negation (10 / 05 hrs)
- Questions
- Types of questions; yes-no questions, tag questions, Declarative questions, Alternative questions, wh- questions
-Yes-no questions- operator is placed before the subject. If there is no operator, ’do’ is introduced. e.g.has the boat left? Does he like Mary
- Wh- questions:
Alternative questions-
- Commands: Usually has no subject. It has an imperative finite verb (the base form) of the verb
- Exclamations: sentences which have an initial phrase introduced by ‘what’ or ‘how’ e.g. What a noise they are making!
- Negation: accomplished by inserting ‘not’, n’t ‘between the operator and the predication
Nouns & Noun phrases (10 / 05 hrs)
- Noun classes
- Differences between count and mass nouns, regular and irregular nouns, abstract and concrete nouns.
- Structure of the noun phrase: head word, pre-modifiers, post modifiers
- Word classes that can function as pre-modifiers-determiners, enumerators, adjectives, modifying nouns
- Word classes that can function as post modifiers-mostly prepositional phrases
- Functions of the noun phrase-subject, direct object, indirect object, complement, apposition, adverbial. (provide examples)
- Activities: analysis of noun phrases, expanding the noun phrase using pre and post modifiers.
LINGUISTICS
Introduction to language & Linguistics (10 / 05 hrs)
- What is language?
- What is Linguistics?
Phonetics & Phonology (30 / 15 hrs)
- What is phonology?
- What is phonetics?
- Differences between phonology & phonetics.
- Sounds of English & phonetic transcription.
- Organs of speech.
- Introduction to phone, phoneme & Allophone. ( Only the introduction to terminologies)
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